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Dilaudid Addiction Drug
Rehab
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride is the brand name for
Dilaudid, a narcotic analgesic manufactured by Abbott Laboratories Inc.
Dilaudid is in the analgesic, antiussive, anesthesia adjunct, opioid analgesic
category and Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act. Street names for
Dilaudid include Little D and Dillies.
Each Dilaudid tablet includes the
following inactive ingredients: lactose anhydrous, and magnesium stearate.
Dilaudid tablets may contain traces of sodium bisulfite.
Dilaudid Background Information
While morphine was
first used medicinally as a painkiller, ironically, it was touted as a cure for
opium addiction. It quickly replaced opium as a recreational drug and doctor
recommended cure-all and became readily available from drugstores or through
the mail. Morphine was used during the American Civil War as a surgical
anesthetic and was sent home with many wounded soldiers for relief of pain. At
the end of the war, over 400,000 people had the "army disease," or, morphine
addiction.
In 1906 the Pure Food and Drug Act enacted various labeling laws
and importation restrictions and the Harrison Narcotics Act (1914) prohibited
possession of narcotics unless prescribed by a physician. Despite legislation,
morphine maintained much of its popularity until heroin came into use.
Indication
Dilaudid is a strong
narcotic analgesic, commonly prescribed for the relief of moderate to severe
pain. Dilaudid has two to eight times the painkilling effects of morphine.
Typically, this drug is used for conditions associated with severe pain.
Such indications include burns, cancer, surgical pain, injury, heart attack,
and other conditions.
Usage of Dilaudid
Dilaudid tablets are intended to be swallowed whole and are available in 1
mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg strengths for oral administration. 3 mg
suppositories are also available. In the oral liquid formula, each mL contains
1 mg HCl hydromorphone and miscellaneous non-medicinal ingredients.
When
abused, Dilaudid tablets are taken orally, crushed and then snorted, or
dissolved in water and "cooked" for intravenous injection.
Never increase
the amount or frequency without your doctor’s approval, or take this drug
for any reason other than the one prescribed.
Effects of Dilaudid
Hydromorphone’s effects are
markedly similar to morphine, except the euphoria is closer to codeine. Nausea
and vomiting is quite rare, and sedation is practically non-existent.
Hydromorphone's abuse potential comes from the fact that its euphoric
intravenous rush is very similar to heroin's.
Hydromorphone is one of the
most prescribed opioids in the relief of pain for the terminally ill due to its
minimal side effects and high potency.
Generally, when given intravenously,
Dialudid’s analgesic action is apparent within 15 minutes and remains in
effect for more than 5 hours. The onset of action of oral hydromorphone is
somewhat slower, with measurable analgesia occurring within 30 minutes.
Side Effects of Dilaudid
Typical side
effects of Dilaudid usage include anorexia, anxiety, constipation, dizziness,
drowsiness, fear, impairment of mental and physical performance, inability to
urinate, mental clouding, mood changes, nausea, restlessness, sedation,
somnolence, sluggishness, troubled and slowed breathing, and vomiting.
Cautionary Notes
Dilaudid is a
narcotic with an addiction liability similar to that of morphine. For this
reason, the same precautions should be taken in administering this drug as with
morphine.
Rapid intravenous injection of Dilaudid increases the possibility
of adverse effects, such as hypotension and respiratory depression. Extreme
caution must be used.
As with any narcotic analgesic agent, the usual
precautions should be observed and the possibility of respiratory depression
should be kept in mind. If a patient shows signs of hypersensitivity to
Dilaudid, the treatment should be stopped.
Possible Food and Drug
Interactions when taking this Medication:
Dilaudid is a central nervous
system depressant and therefore intensifies the effects of alcohol. Do not
drink alcohol while taking this medication.
Check with your doctor before
combining Dilaudid with the following:
- Antiemetics such as Compazine and Phenergan
- Antihistamines such as Benadryl
- General anesthetics
- Other central nervous system depressants such
as Nembutal, Restoril
- Other narcotic analgesics such as Demerol
and Percocet
- Phenothiazines such as Thorazine
- Sedative/hypnotics such as Valium and
Halcion
- Tranquilizers such as Xanax
- Tricyclic antidepressants such as Elavil and
Tofranil
Overdosage:
Serious overdose with hydromorphone presents with respiratory depression,
extreme somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity,
cold and clammy skin, and sometimes bradycardia (very slow heart rate) and
hypotension. In severe cases, apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest and
death may occur.
Dependency on
Dilaudid
Dilaudid has a moderately high dependency potential,
with addiction or dependence occurring when used for longer than a few weeks,
or at high doses. People who have been dependent on alcohol or other drugs in
the past generally have a greater chance of becoming addicted to Dilaudid.
Psychic dependence, physical dependence, and tolerance may develop upon
repeated administration of hydromorphone.
Tolerance is when ever increasing
doses are required to produce the same degree of analgesia. Tolerance is
initially manifested by a decreased duration of analgesic effect, followed by
decreases in the intensity of analgesia. Tolerance develops over days, weeks,
or months. The rate of tolerance varies among patients.
Psychic dependence
is unlikely when hydromorphone is used for a short period of time.
Physical
dependence is when continued use of the drug is needed to avoid withdrawal
symptoms. This problem only becomes relevant after several (2 weeks to 2
months) of continued narcotic use. When taken as directed, Dilaudid can produce
physical dependence in a few weeks time.
According to the FDA, addiction is
characterized by compulsive use, use for non-medical purposes, and continued
use despite harm or risk of harm.
Patients no longer requiring Dilaudid,
should set a gradual taper schedule to avoid acute withdrawal.
Dilaudid Withdrawal Symptoms
Withdrawal symptoms from
Dilaudid can occur four to five hours after the last dose and continue for 7 to
10 days.
Dilaudid withdrawal symptoms can be severe and include:
- anxiety
- insomnia
- profuse sweating
- muscle spasms
- chills
- shivering
- restlessness
- yawning
- disturbed sleep
- irritability
- anxiety
- weakness
- twitching and spasms of muscles
- restless legs
- nausea
- anorexia
- vomiting
- intestinal spasm
- diarrhea
- repetitive sneezing
- hot and cold flashes
- severe back, leg and abdominals pains and
cramps
Frequently, an increase in body temperature,
blood pressure, respiratory and heart rate may be present.
If you have used
Dilaudid for more than a few weeks, do not stop taking it without first
checking with your doctor. Suddenly stopping this medicine may cause severe
withdrawal side effects. Your doctor will gradually taper your dosage before
stopping completely.
The severity of withdrawal symptoms experienced is
directly related to the amount of Dilaudid taken and the length of time over
which it has been taken. |
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