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LSD Addiction Drug Rehab
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is the most potent hallucinogen known
to science, as well as the most highly studied. LSD was originally synthesized
in 1938 by Dr. Albert Hoffman. However, its hallucinogenic effects were unknown
until 1943 when Hoffman accidentally consumed some LSD. It was later found that
an oral dose of as little as 0.000025 grams (or 25 micrograms, equal in weight
to a few grains of salt) is capable of producing rich and vivid hallucinations.
LSD was popularized in the 1960s by individuals like Timothy Leary who
encouraged American students to "turn on, tune in, and drop out." LSD use has
varied over the years but it still remains a significant drug of abuse. In
1999, over 12 percent of high school seniors and college students reported that
they had used LSD at least once in their lifetime.
Because of its
structural similarity to a chemical present in the brain and its similarity in
effects to certain aspects of psychosis, LSD was used as a research tool to
study mental illness. The average effective oral dose is from 20 to 80
micrograms with the effects of higher doses lasting for 10 to 12 hours. LSD is
usually sold in the form of impregnated paper (blotter acid), typically
imprinted with colorful graphic designs. It has also been encountered in
tablets (microdots), thin squares of gelatin (window panes), in sugar cubes
and, rarely, in liquid form.
Physical reactions may include dilated
pupils, lowered body temperature, nausea, "goose bumps," profuse perspiration,
increased blood sugar, and rapid heart rate. During the first hour after
ingestion, the user may experience visual changes with extreme changes in mood.
In the hallucinatory state, the user may suffer impaired depth and time
perception, accompanied by distorted perception of the size and shape of
objects, movements, color; sound, touch, and the users own body image. During
this period, the users' ability to perceive objects through the senses is
distorted: they may describe "hearing colors" and "seeing sounds." The ability
to make sensible judgments and see common dangers is impaired, making the user
susceptible to personal injury. After an LSD "trip," the user may suffer acute
anxiety or depression for a variable period of time. Flashbacks have been
reported days or even months after taking the last dose.
LSD Trafficking
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
remains available in retail quantities in virtually every state. LSD production
reportedly is centered on the West Coast, particularly in San Francisco,
northern California, the Pacific Northwest, and recently the Midwest. Since the
1960s, LSD has been manufactured illegally within the United States. LSD
production is a time-consuming and complex procedure. Several chemical recipes
for synthesizing LSD are on the Internet, but clandestine production requires a
high degree of chemical expertise. Chemists maintain tight control at the
production level, but do not necessarily participate in the distribution of the
drug. These chemists usually sell the crystal LSD product to one or two trusted
associates, insulating themselves from the wholesale distributors.
Few
LSD laboratories have ever been seized in the United States because of
infrequent and irregular production cycles. In 2000, DEA seized one LSD
laboratory that was located in a converted missile silo in Kansas. LSD is
produced in crystal form that is converted to liquid and distributed primarily
in the form of squares of blotter paper saturated with the liquid. To a lesser
extent, LSD is sold as a liquid, contained in breath mint bottles and vials; in
gelatin tab form ("window panes") of varying colors; and in pill form known as
"microdots."
Distribution of LSD is unique within the drug culture. A
proliferation of mail order sales has created a marketplace where the sellers
are virtually unknown to the buyers, giving the highest level traffickers
considerable insulation from drug law enforcement operations. The vast majority
of users are middle-class adolescents and young adults attracted by its low
prices. Rock concerts continue to be favorite distribution sites for LSD
traffickers; however, distribution at raves throughout the United States is
becoming more popular. Contacts made at raves and concerts are used to
establish future transactions and shipments of larger quantities of LSD. |
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